A framework for understanding and applying practical surveying methods is developed. Consideration of error theory provides practical knowledge concerning the concepts of precision and accuracy and yields understanding of the probabilistic nature of measurements. Principles of tachometry, differential leveling, taping, electronic distance measurements, and angular measurements are studied and applied using modern surveying equipment. Traverse, triangulation, trilateration, level networks, and the proper adjustment of related measurements are examined. Field artillery survey, route survey, horizontal and vertical highway curves, topographic survey, computer-aided mapping, and building construction layout are included. Extensive use of laboratory periods permits application of measurement concepts, analytical methods, and planning skills to actual field situations. Global positioning system instruments are used and the principles of satellite positioning are discussed.
